The information on Healthy89 is general health information for adults. It isn't medical advice, and it doesn't replace a consultation with a doctor, pharmacist or other healthcare professional who knows your health history.
In an emergency
If you think you or someone else needs urgent medical help, contact your local emergency number straight away. In a medical emergency, call 911 in the US or Canada, 999 in the UK, 000 in Australia, 15 or 112 in France, or 112 anywhere else in the EU.
Not personal advice
Our articles explain health topics in general terms. They can't take into account your symptoms, medical history or the medicines you take. Please don't use them to diagnose or treat yourself or anyone else.
- Talk to a doctor or other healthcare professional about any health concern.
- Don't start, stop or change a prescribed medicine without talking to the person who prescribed it, or a pharmacist.
- Don't delay getting medical advice, or ignore advice you've been given, because of something you've read on Healthy89.
How our articles are written
We base our articles on guidance from public health bodies, such as the NHS, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), and list our sources at the end of each new or updated article. We're going back through older articles to bring them up to the same standard.
Healthy89 articles are not medically reviewed by a doctor or other healthcare professional.
Advice differs between countries
Health advice, approved medicines and services can differ between countries. Where this matters, our articles say which country's guidance they describe. Check with your local health service for advice that applies where you live.
Information can change
Health guidance changes as new evidence comes in. We check and update our articles, but an article may not reflect the latest advice. If you spot something that's wrong or out of date, our corrections policy explains how to tell us.
Ads and links
Healthy89 shows ads from Google, and our articles link to other websites. An ad or a link doesn't mean we recommend a product, service or website.
We can't answer personal medical questions
Using Healthy89, commenting or emailing us doesn't create a doctor–patient relationship. We can't give personal medical advice by email or in the comments.
Last updated: 15 October 2026
Comments are welcome. Please keep your comments respectful and avoid sharing personal medical information. Content on Healthy89 is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.